如何使用PyInstaller打包Python代碼為執行檔 |
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如何使用PyInstaller打包Python代碼為執行檔
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上週五好不容易用Python內建的Tkinter將操作介面拉好且測試OK，沒想到在打包成執行檔(.exe)這邊花了一個上午，所以紀錄一下自己的碰壁流程。 工作環境:-Windows 10, Windows Server 2019-Anaconda 2020.02-Python 3.6.10 問題描述: 如何用PyInstaller打包Python代碼為執行檔(.exe) 打包過程碰上的問題以及如何排除 先安裝PyInstaller: pip install pyinstaller 打開Anaconda Prompt (anaconda3)，並且將當前位置切至.py檔存放路徑: cd C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323 輸入打包代碼，我要打包的是main.py。一般的教程都只到這邊就停了，但後面才蛋疼: pyinstaller main.py 4. 問題:RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 253, in visit return visitor(node) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 263, in generic_visit self.visit(value) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 253, in visit return visitor(node) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 263, in generic_visit self.visit(value) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 253, in visit return visitor(node) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 263, in generic_visit self.visit(value) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 253, in visit return visitor(node) File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\ast.py", line 257, in generic_visit for field, value in iter_fields(node): RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded突然蹦出這些有的沒的，解決方法很簡單，看一下.py檔存放路徑是不是出現了main.spec這個由PyInstaller自動產生的配置文件，用筆記本打開後新增下面兩行代碼後儲存離開，然後保險起見將build和dist兩個資料夾刪除:原因在於超過遞迴限制，我也看不懂這什麼意思。[8] # -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*- import sys #我是新增的 sys.setrecursionlimit(9000000) #我是新增的，這邊數字越大越好 block_cipher = None a = Analysis(['main.py'], pathex=['C:\\Users\\*\\Documents\\GUI-20200323'], binaries=[], datas=[], hiddenimports=[], hookspath=[], runtime_hooks=[], excludes=[], win_no_prefer_redirects=False, win_private_assemblies=False, cipher=block_cipher, noarchive=False) 執行配置文件main.spec進行打包解決上個問題後我們輸入下列代碼來重新製作執行檔，這次我們是要執行自訂的配置文件.spec，PyInstaller會遵循.spec指定規範進行打包: pyinstaller main.spec 6-1. 閃退問題以及如何查詢原因(pkg_resources.py2_warn)等了一會兒後終於跑完了: 113390 INFO: checking EXE 113390 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 113391 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 113391 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\build\main\main.exe 113486 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully. 113501 INFO: checking COLLECT 113502 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent 113502 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc 184733 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.我們來看看main.exe是不是可以正常地打開吧，main.exe的位置在: C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main\main.exe但是等等，為什麼會閃退!!!原來打包成功並不等於.exe可以順利執行呀。既然這樣那我們改用終端機來開啟.exe，這樣就能知道程是閃退的原因了[1]: (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323>cd C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main #切換路徑到main.exe的位置 (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main>main.exe #執行 Traceback (most recent call last): File "site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_pkgres.py", line 13, in File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 86, in ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pkg_resources.py2_warn'# 這個是問題來源 [15208] Failed to execute script pyi_rth_pkgres (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main>原來是因為PyInstaller再打包過程中漏掉pkg_resources.py2_warn導致產生的.exe無法順利執行。這時我們再次開啟配置文件.spec，手動添加pkg_resources.py2_warn吧，記得再次執行main.spec前要先刪掉build、dist兩個資料夾[2][3][4]: # -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*- import sys sys.setrecursionlimit(9000000) block_cipher = None a = Analysis(['main.py'], pathex=['C:\\Users\\*\\Documents\\GUI-20200323'], binaries=[], datas=[], hiddenimports=['pkg_resources.py2_warn'], #我是新增的 hookspath=[], runtime_hooks=[], excludes=[], win_no_prefer_redirects=False, win_private_assemblies=False, cipher=block_cipher, noarchive=False) pyinstaller main.spec 6-2. 閃退問題以及如何查詢原因(sklearn.utils._cython_blas)現在我們再次執行.exe，結果又閃退了...，沒關係我們用上面講的方法，透過終端機來執行.exe檔就能知道問題了: (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323>cd C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main #切換路徑到main.exe的位置 (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main>main.exe # 執行 Traceback (most recent call last): File "main.py", line 3, in File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "mylib.py", line 10, in File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\sklearn\linear_model\__init__.py", line 12, in File "c:\users\*\appdata\local\continuum\anaconda3\envs\keras4\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\sklearn\linear_model\_least_angle.py", line 22, in File "sklearn\utils\arrayfuncs.pyx", line 1, in init sklearn.utils.arrayfuncs ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'sklearn.utils._cython_blas'# 這個是問題來源 [11656] Failed to execute script main (keras4) C:\Users\*\Documents\GUI-20200323\dist\main>這次是打包過程中漏掉sklearn.utils._cython_blas，PyInstaller你這個小淘氣~: # -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*- import sys sys.setrecursionlimit(9000000) block_cipher = None a = Analysis(['main.py'], pathex=['C:\\Users\\*\\Documents\\GUI-20200323'], binaries=[], datas=[], hiddenimports=['pkg_resources.py2_warn', 'sklearn.utils._cython_blas'], # 再加1個 hookspath=[], runtime_hooks=[], excludes=[], win_no_prefer_redirects=False, win_private_assemblies=False, cipher=block_cipher, noarchive=False) 收工根據孟母三遷原理，我們終於順利打包完成並且可以執行main.exe了(灑花)。然後你的螢幕會彈出辛苦拉的視窗以及一個黑色畫面，消除黑色畫面的方法很簡單，只要依照下面代碼位置方式修改.spec檔後再次打包即可。
a = Analysis(['main.py'],
pathex=['C:\\Users\\*\\Documents\\GUI-20200323'],
binaries=[],
datas=[],
hiddenimports=['pkg_resources.py2_warn', 'sklearn.utils._cython_blas'],
hookspath=[],
runtime_hooks=[],
excludes=[],
win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
win_private_assemblies=False,
cipher=block_cipher,
noarchive=False)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,
a.scripts,
[],
exclude_binaries=True,
name='main',
debug=False,
bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
strip=False,
upx=True,
console=False # console要從True改成False)
結論: 打包完成不等於可以順利運行.exe檔 PyInstaller的打包方式是由.spec定義 我們可以自定義.spec 如果有引用第三方套件(Numpy、Pandas等等)，容易有漏打包問題，導致執行檔有閃退問題 用終端機執行.exe來確認閃退原因 每次自動打包前都要刪掉資料夾build、資料夾dist、配置文件.spec，以確保遺毒消除 每次手動打包前都要刪掉資料夾build、資料夾dist，以確保遺毒消除 補一下最後的main.spec代碼，可以拿來跟下一篇比較 # -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*- import sys # 這邊要注意 sys.setrecursionlimit(9000000) # 這邊要注意 block_cipher = None a = Analysis(['main.py'], pathex=['C:\\Users\\e10832\\Documents\\GUI-20200323'], binaries=[], datas=[], hiddenimports=['pkg_resources.py2_warn', 'sklearn.utils._cython_blas'], # 這邊要注意 hookspath=[], runtime_hooks=[], excludes=[], win_no_prefer_redirects=False, win_private_assemblies=False, cipher=block_cipher, noarchive=False) pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data, cipher=block_cipher) exe = EXE(pyz, a.scripts, [], exclude_binaries=True, name='main', debug=False, bootloader_ignore_signals=False, strip=False, upx=True, console=True )# 命令視窗開啟(True) coll = COLLECT(exe, a.binaries, a.zipfiles, a.datas, strip=False, upx=True, upx_exclude=[], name='main')參考資料:[1]https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41417982/article/details/82216363[2]https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40587575/article/details/86500445[3]https://blog.csdn.net/j754379117/article/details/77281354[4]https://medium.com/@peaceful0907/%E5%B0%87%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84python-code-%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85-pyinstaller-6777d0e06f58[5]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/58199926[6]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40716095[7]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76974787[8]https://xken831.pixnet.net/blog/post/463075799-%5Bpython%5D-%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA-recursionerror%3A-maximum-recursion-depth-exce |
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